Translation of a Danish Death Record
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Found a former wife of Lars Svendsen [he might have had several].
Kronborg Amtstue
Register til Kronborg Amtstues skifteprotokol (1757-1765):
Karen Ibsdatter. Gift med Lars Svendsen, gaardmand. Aagerup. Ramløse Sogn. 1759. Folio 238.
Source (page 6, right): https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/billedviser?epid=17256602#211711,40009978
Kronborg Amtstues skifteprotokol (1757-1765):
d. 14. Juli 1759 ..skifte efter afgangne Karen Ibsdatter, som var Lars Svendsens hustru i Aagerup imellem enkemanden og den dødes arvinger som ere hendes Søskendebørn og Søskendebørn børn:
[So Lars Svendsen & Karen Ibsdatter didn't get any children, so the inheritors are her cousins, nephews and nieces of Karen Ibsdatter]
Source (page 230, right): https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/billedviser?epid=22919061#488028,86891090
So Lars Svendsen is married with Karen Ibsdatter until 1759 and they had no children -> his oldest child with later wife Pedernille/Pernille Madsdatter is Susanne Larsdatter born around 1764.
So either this family line is fabrication OR maybe Lars Svendsen got Ane Larsdatter with the woman Boel out of wedlock OR he was married with this Boel in between 1759 and 1764, but Boel didn't get any "skifte" [which certainly is possible].
Since there was a "skifte" after Karen Ibsdatter, it is very likely that Lars Svendsen took over the fæste for gaard No. 1 in Aagerup by married the former owners widow! [his name still unknown].
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Found the parents of Lars Svendsen!
Kronborg Amtstues skifteprotokol (1745-1749):
D. 20. Juni 1747...efter Svend Larsens enke Susanne Pedersdatter i Schierød [Ramløse Sogn].
Børn og arvinger....[among many]
Nr 2: Lars Svendsen, gaardmand i Aagerup !!
Source (page 314, left): https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/billedviser?epid=22919061#488024,86889676
NB: So Lars Svendsen has the fæste of gaard No. 1 in Aagerup latest in 1747!
His mother Susanne Pedersdatter died in 1747 and by that point his father Svend Larsen was already dead.
Kronborg Amtstues skifteprotokol (1733-1737):
D. 19. Februar 1737..efter Svend Larsen..bonde og døde i Schierød....enken Susanne Pedersdatter..
Børn: [among many]
Lars Svendsen, boemand i Aagerup.
Source (page 242, left): https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/billedviser?epid=22919061#488019,86888177
NB: The term "boemand" could EITHER just mean "gaardmand" (which means he already have the "fæste" in 1737) OR it is a form of the term Boelsmand (which is a farmer of status between a "husmand" and "gaardmand", which could indicate he hasn't received the gaardmands-fæste yet).
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I find this all so interesting. It is amazing what can be discovered with probates. Its unfortunate that there may not be a document to verify that Boel was a second wife to Lars Svendsen. I have learned so much from your research! Thanks for sharing.
One of the names in the Margrethe Olsdatter probate is Jens Jensen. I have been able to identify his birth date, 9 Dec 1834 in Nejlinge (Helsinge parish). I have found him in census records 1840, 1845, 1850, and 1860 living at home, single. I have found what I think may be his marriage record, but I am unsure of some of the wording.
Here is the link (the first entry for 1864): https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-994Q-PHJM?i=74&cc=2078555&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQGQM-9N9S
The date given in this marriage record for Jens Jensen doesn't appear to be a birth date because it doesn't match with his age and the year of the marriage. It is off by about a decade. Any ideas of what this date may refer to? After the date, is the record indicating who he worked for?
Kevin
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Hi Kevin.
It is because they are vaccination dates (for smallpox) and not birth dates.
Valby Sogn Kirkebog
Viet: 11. Juni 1864 i Helsinge Kirke.
ungkarl Jens Jensen af Neilinge, 29 Aar.
Vaccination efter attest fra distrikts læge ?Oblingberg? af 6. Juli 1848.
pigen Ane Margrethe Andersen af Waldby [= Valby], 23 Aar.
Vaccineret den 18. Juni 1842 af Kling...?
Forlovere [= groomsmen]: gaardmand Jens Nielsen i Høbierg & ?..? Ole Pedersen i Neilinge.
1ste Tillysning den 22. Maj 1864. [Official notification in the parish of the coming marriage]
Kilde (s. 9): https://www.sa.dk/ao-soegesider/da/billedviser?epid=21637290#390548,74257885
Cheers
Niels
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Niels,
This is very helpful. Obviously I didn't recognize the abbreviation given for vaccination. But what is exciting is that the vaccination date given on the marriage record, 6 July 1848, matches with the vaccination date given on the confirmation record that I had previous found:
Confirmation record: https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QSQ-G94H-MQNY?i=344&cc=2078555&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQG3P-2B98
which record also gives birth date, 9 December 1834, which collates with the birth record that I had found that places his birth in November or December of 1834:
Birth record: https://www.familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:3QS7-L94H-MQJH?i=47&cc=2078555&personaUrl=%2Fark%3A%2F61903%2F1%3A1%3AQG3R-TJYL
The census records that I previous found also correlate well.
I didn't expect that a vaccination date to be useful, but in this case it confirmed for me that this marriage record is for the same Jens Jensen as recorded in the birth and confirmation records.
Thanks so much!!
Kevin
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Hi Kevin.
The vaccination information can be critical to identify the right person as it appears from this time period both in the birth, confirmation and marriage records.
The smallpox vaccination was introduced with a royal decree of 1810 in Denmark and Norway, and in the Dukedoms (Slesvig-Holsten) in 1811. Smallpox vaccination before he child's 7th year was in effect until 1977.
You didn't force people against their will, BUT to be confirmed, married, start a craft as an apprentice or enrolling in the military you needed to show a vaccination certificate. If you already had smallpox as a kid, then you didn't need the vaccination and it was written in the church book "har haft de naturlige kopper" [have had the natural smallpox].
Without confirmation you wouldn't be accepted as an adult in society and thus all finances had to be controlled by a guardian (you couldn't own anything personally), so saying no would prevent you from participating/surviving in society.
From a Law of the School Commission of 1814 ALL children had to go School (for free) and when finished have a "skudsmålsbog" where the confirmation grades based on "kundskab" (knowledge) and "opførsel" (behaviour) were added (and your jobs and employer-evaluations were added on through time). Basically a record of your school years which rang from 1-7th grade and ended with the confirmation in church -> after that most people went to work on a farm and got accepted as an apprentice in a craft. So most (especially poor) people left home directly after the confirmation.
Thus every time you applied for a job, you had to show this "skudsmålsbog", where people could see if you had passed and what grades you got and how each employer had valued you.
You see the church books becomes standardized in 1814-1815 to give this grade- and vaccination informations. Thus every child leaving the 7th grade and having their confirmation could read/write and do (simple) calculations - if they couldn't they didn't pass, didn't become confirmed and didn't become "adults" in society!
The smallpox vaccination was created by the english country veterinarian Edward Jenner in 1796, when he discovered that milkmaids who already had contracted cowpox were immune to smallpox.
After testing the cowpox (on his gardeners child James Phipps scraped from the blister-pus from the milkmaid Sarah Nelmes and then later giving him real smallpox) successfully, he introduced the method into the scientific literature in 1798.
Interestingly England was "late" in compulsory vaccination: England/Wales from 1853 (and ended in 1971).
Here is the original Danish law of 1810, with an example of an cowpox-attestation from 1816 at the bottom of the page: https://danmarkshistorien.dk/vis/materiale/forordning-om-koppevaccination-1810
Cheers
Niels
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Thank you for providing the regulations related to vaccinations and information on confirmations. This is all very interesting. I am still a little unclear on the full meaning of a confirmation. I had thought that it was related to joining the Lutheran church, but based on the information that you provided above it appears that a child's education also played a role.
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The Confirmation was besides a confirmation of the lutheran faith, also socially/legally the transition from being a child to becoming an adult (but not yet with full adult rights). Remember that all Danish people had to be Lutheran - religious freedom was first possible from 1851. Some foreign groups were allowed to live in Denmark (Calvinist, Catholics and Jews), in specific town [French huguenots in Fredericia for instance].
From 1814 the confirmation was the culmination of the 7th years of school, where the grades and behaviour was written into the church book and added to the "skudsmålsbog" needed for job-applications.
Reading, writing, calculations and the Lutheran faith was the core, while also singing (used in church), Danish history, Danish geography and gymnastics (running, jumping, climbing, swimming) thrown in.
Most schoolteachers were either the priests themselves or their helpers (called Substitut's). The substitutes were often a retired army "fourer" (probably equivalent to a "Quartermaster"), who could read and write and do calculations; until you started to have more and more specially educated school teachers.
The Lutheran Church was a State Church and the absolute monarch King of Denmark & Norway and Duke of Slesvig-Holsten (together called "Helstaten" = The Whole State) was "The State" and The Lutheran Church was "The Kings Church", that all his subjects had to be part of (apart from above mentioned specially foreign invited groups as the calvinists, catholics and jews) .
The priests beside taking care of the religious parts of their job were also working as the king's civil servants. For instance for moving from one church parish to another church-parish, for crossing a bridge, going by ship etc. you needed a "rejsepas" [traveling pass]. So for instance if you wanted to leave your parish you had to get a pass from your parish priests and then show it to the priest of the parish you travelled into!!
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Wow, I didn't realize the church had so much involvement in the lives of the people. But given the church was under the control of the government, it makes sense. This is very helpful. Thanks!!!!
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Sweden was actually even more extreme than Denmark.
The reason Sweden is perhaps the easiest country in the world to conduct genealogy (meaning having the best sources) is because of the "Husförhör", where the priests every year had an exam of each adult person in his parish: Knowledge of the Bible, reading proficiency and Martin Luther's Small Catechism.
So you can follow a person year from year in the Husförhörsböcker !
Failing the exam (or not being around for it) meant fines or corporal punishment and if persisting in non-Lutheran beliefs (like being openly atheist) being regarded as "Idiot"/"Imbecile" ending up in an Insane Asylum and spending the rest of your life inside a "dårkista" ("dårekiste" in Danish).
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