How can I find how and why Robert Parvis came to America from England (LDC8-V8M)?
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Well, for the 19th century and upward I would usually suggest checking ship manifests and naturalization records, but for Robert's time frame these are going to be sparse/nonexistent.
The ultimate find would be a primary source that documents why Robert emigrated, such as a journal kept by one of his children or grandchildren. Unfortunately, not many of those survive from this period, but it would be a real treasure if it existed.
You may also want to check genealogical and local histories for any mention of Robert, his parents, or his children. A history of Virginia or any of the locations in Maryland where he lived may give a biography with insightful details.
In lieu of those, what might help is to look at what was going on in both England and America - specifically Virginia/Maryland - at the time that Robert emigrated. If he got married in America in 1675, he most likely emigrated before then. Since it looks like we don't know when in his life before that he emigrated, that gives us a 25-year time span in which to look at the local history.
England had a lot going on in that time frame, politically. Charles I was executed in 1649 and many citizens were opposed to Oliver Cromwell's new republic (the monarchy was restored in 1660). Evidently many royalists fled to Virginia after the English Civil War.
Also, London experienced a plague in 1665 and a devastating fire in the next year. As Robert was born in neighboring Surrey, it's possible that the fallout from both events prompted his family to move.
All of this historical knowledge just leads to conjecture, of course, and can't provide a definitive answer, but it is interesting to look at the bigger picture and imagine how current events would have affected a family in the area.
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