Understanding the hierarchy of Swedish agricultural occupations... help!

JaKalwa

Understanding the hierarchy of Swedish agricultural occupations... help!

I am currently trying to formulate a Swedish occupational classification system for myself in order to measure the impact immigration had on families. I'm struggling a little with all of the various Swedish words for various tenant farmers. Can someone recommend a source or share some insight with me? At the moment I have put together the following list with my understanding of the word:

 

1.     Landbonde                        tenant farmer (renting whole farm)

2.     Åbo                                  tenant farmer (conditional inheritable lease)

3.     Arrendator                        tenant farmer / lease holder

4.     Brukare                             tenant farmer

5.     Bonde                               tenant farmer (owns home but not land)

6.     Husmannen                       tenant farmer (owns home but not land)

7.     Hemmansagre                   tenant farmer (owns home but not land)

8.     Torpare                              tenant farmer / crofter (rents part of a farm)

9.     Arbetskarler                      Laborer

10.  Drang                                Farm Laborer

11.  Piga                                    Maid

 

Also - would a piga be used to describe a maid in an urban area or is this more typically a word to describe a young woman in a rural area?

 

One last question - what is the difference between a sailor and a boatsman?

 

TIA!!!

Heidi Kuosmanen

Something new

 

1.     Landbonde                        tenant farmer (renting whole farm)

2.     Åbo                                  tenant farmer (conditional inheritable lease)

3.     Arrendator                        tenant farmer / lease holder (towards end of 19th century)

4.     Brukare                             tenant farmer, farmer that has leased the land 

5.     Bonde                               farmer (owns home and land)

6.     Husmannen                      lodger, person living in other people's home either for rent, for work or paid by social welfare

7.     Hemmansagre                  houseowner (owns home and land)

självägande jordbrukare på (mindre) landtegendom

8.     Torpare                              tenant farmer / crofter (rents part of a farm)

9.     Arbetskarler                     Laborer, worker

10.  Dräng                                Farm-hand, hired man

11.  Piga                                    Maid-servant (most cases), in some areas and more likely early days, like 1600's and 1700's could also mean just unmarried young woman

Heidi Kuosmanen

Båtsman = boatman, boatswain, seaman (military)

Sjöman = seaman, sailor (trade, merchant)

Jill Morelli

I think this book listed and described the various levels of farmers. I don't have a copy of the book but it is on "print on demand" but I haven't received it yet.... Lindberg, John S. Background of Swedish Emigration to the U. S.: Economic and Sociological Study in the Dynamics of Emigration. Minneapolis: University of Minneapolis, 1930.

 

JaKalwa

Perfect! THANK YOU!

 

Morris Geoffrey Fröberg

Also, the root of Brukare is Bruka which is to use. So a person could be using part of a farm that is owned or leased by someone else. For example, an Arrendator who can't keep up with the whole farm might find someone who was willing to work part of it, without ownership or a lease to that part. Torpare can have a different meaning depending on the location in the country. In the south, and middle, the torpare rented the land from an estate. In the north, where there were no manorial estates, many torpare owned their land. A good article on Torp and Torpare is by Hans Högman at: http://www.hhogman.se/land_ownership_eng.htm#Croft. There is a good article on Landbo in the Swedish wikipedia, see: https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landbo.