Hi,

In Colombia, provinces are called departamentos. Currently,there is a departamento named Cauca, and a different one named Valle del Cauca (often named simply Valle).

To add to the confusion, in the XIXth century, the region that is now called Valle del Cauca used to be part of the province of Cauca, in both the civil and ecclesiatical jurisdiction. Some archives about the history of Valle del Cauca are located in the capital of Cauca (Popayán).

There are some documents that may have been wrongly cataloged/indexed in FamilySearch. For instance, in

https://www.familysearch.org/en/search/catalog/403856,

census documents for the city of Popayán have been assigned the subject heading of Colombia, Valle del Cauca, when Colombia, Cauca would be the correct one.

-j